In html the very finest level of formatting we can achieve is done at character level, the same way in which you can effect an individual characters formatting with text editing and word processing software.
These are the most commonly used inline formatting elements in html.
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Bold text ( <b> )
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Italic text (<i> )
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Big text (<big> )
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Small text (<small> )
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Emphasised text (<em> )
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Strong text (<strong> )
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Teletype text (monospaced) (<tt> )
several of the inline tags have now been deprecated in the current html specification, these are tags such as <strike> tag, used to strikethrough text, and also the <u> tag which was used to underline text.
The <font> tag has also been deprecated in favour of using the <span> tag and CSS styles to achieve the same effects.
The span tag allows you the freedom to apply formatting stylistically wherever you want it in the document.
To make text appear Bold you can use the <b> tags or <strong> tags.
As you can see in the example below the <strong> tags will make the text between the tags appear bold.
<html>
<head>
<title>html strong tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>html strong tags</h1>
<p>
This word is <strong>bold</strong> in this
short sentence...
</p>
<p>
None of the words in this short sentence
have been formatted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
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You can find more information on the W3Schools web site on the strong tags.
To make text appear in italics you can use the <i> tags or <em> tags.
As you can see in the example below the text that is between the <em> tags will appear italic (emphasized).
<html>
<head>
<title>html em tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>html em tags</h1>
<p>
This word is <em>italic </em> in this
short sentence...
</p>
<p>
None of the words in this short sentence
have been formatted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
You can find more information at the W3Schools web site on the em tags.
Not every font has an italic or a bold variant so when it is possible the browser will substitute a similar font when bold or italic is requested but not available.
Unfortunately not all user agents are font savvy so usage of these tags may vary depending upon what user agent is in use.
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To make text in your document appear smaller you can use the <small> tags, in the same way that the text in the example below has been made smaller
<html>
<head>
<title>html small tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>html small tag</h1>
<p>
This word is <small>smaller</small> than the
other words in this sentence...
</p>
<p>
None of the words in this short sentence
have been formatted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
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You can find more information at the W3Schools web site about the small tags.
The teletype <tt> or monspaced tags informs the client browser that the text should be rendered in a monospaced font.
This could be used for reserved words in a document or examples of code, the tag after the teletype terminals that were used with the first computers, which were only capable of printing in a monospaced font.
<html>
<head>
<title>html tt tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>html tt tags</h1>
<p>
This word is <tt>monospaced</tt> in its
appearance in this sentence ...
</p>
<p>
None of the words in this short sentence
have been formatted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
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You can find more information at the W3Schools web site on the tt tags.
The span tags look like this <span>, and they are used to span inline styles across mulitple characters, or just single words or characters depending upon what is required.
The span tags allows us the freedom to define inline styles wherever they are needed in the document, as the example below illustrates.
To see the example below rendered in a browser click on this link span
<html>
<head>
<title>html span tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
This word is highlighted
<span style="color:#00ff00;">
green
</span>
in this short sentence...
</p>
<p>
None of the words in this short sentence
have been formatted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
The example above uses a CSS style to specify the colour of a word in the first paragraph, it is possible to apply the attributes directly to the span tag, but it is better practice to use a CSS styles to format the text within the span tags.
You can find more information at the W3Schools web site on the span tags.
Now that we have covered the basics of creating an html document and populating the document with content and formatting the content you are ready to look at the other elements that can be used in an html document such as special characters, lists, tables, images etc...
You can now work through the rest of the pages in whatever order is best for you.
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